\u521b\u5efa\u4eba\uff1a \u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u300b
\n\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\uff1a\u718a\u8282\uff08\u900f\u660e\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u793e\u6280\u672f\u7f16\u8f91\uff0cC-View\u6210\u5458\u3002
\n\u5609 \u5bbe\uff1a\u5b5f\u5ca9\uff08\u68a6\u9b47\uff09\uff1a\u8054\u60f3\u516c\u53f8\u638c\u4e0a\u8bbe\u5907\u4e8b\u4e1a\u90e8\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u5904\u4efb\u804c\uff0cC-View\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4e0e\u4faf\u6377\u5148\u751f\u5408\u8bd1\u4e86\u300aC++ Standard Library\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002
\n\u738b\u6615\uff08\u75f4\u4eba\uff09\uff0cC-View\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u300aThe C++ Standard Template Library\u300b\u8bd1\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n
\u900f\u660e\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0cUML\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u7740\u6781\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8981\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e\u6027\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002UML\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5b83\u6bd4\u8f83\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f62\u8c61\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u597d\u5904\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u68a6\u9b47\uff1a\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7UML\u3002\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684OO\u9886\u57df\uff0cUML\u786e\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\u6807\u51c6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7f3a\u70b9\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6807\u51c6\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u603b\u6bd4\u5927\u5bb6\u81ea\u8bf4\u81ea\u8bdd\uff0c\u8001\u6b7b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5f80\u6765\u8981\u5f3a\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e5f\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e3a\u5171\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u8bf4UML\u5c31\u662fOO\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u61c2UML\u4fbf\u4e0d\u61c2OO\u3002
\nUML\u662f\u4e0d\u662fOO\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6216\u8005\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u5f88\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ea\u4f1a\u753bUML\u56fe\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u547d\u4e3a\u201c\u67b6\u6784\u5e08\u201d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u80fd\u5426\u771f\u6b63\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u75f4\u4eba\uff1a\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8eUML\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u611f\u89c9\u4e86\uff0c\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\uff0cUML\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684OO\u8fd8\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8111\u888b\u4e2d\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6c9f\u901a\u4e0a\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u6709UML\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4f1a\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u613f\u610f\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u6c9f\u901a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u574f\u7684\u4e3b\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u900f\u660e\uff1a\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4ece\u6765\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66\u8fc7UML\uff0c\u53ea\u770b\u8fc7\u4e00\u672c\u300aUML\u53c2\u8003\u624b\u518c\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u6c6a\u9896\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7248\u3002\u5728\u505a\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u3001\u8bd1\u4e66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5bf9UML\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u61c2\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u5230\u90a3\u672c\u53c2\u8003\u624b\u518c\u91cc\u9762\u53bb\u67e5\u67e5\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u4e5f\u5c31\u719f\u6089\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u592a\u7528\u7684feature\u5c31\u603b\u4e5f\u638c\u63e1\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u4e0d\u592a\u660e\u767d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u662f\u60f3\u8ba4\u771f\u5b66UML\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7684\u4e09\u672c\u4e66\u300aUML\u53c2\u8003\u624b\u518c\u300b\u3001\u300aUML\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5357\u300b\u548c\u300aUML\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u300b\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u300aUML\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u300b\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5e94\u8be5\u53eb\u300aUML\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u300b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u9002\uff0c\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u548cUML\u7684\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7ec3\u624b\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u524d\u4e00\u9635\u7f51\u4e0a\u5435\u67b6\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u6367UML\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u9a82UML\uff0c\u5176\u5b9eUML\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u9ed1\u677f\u548c\u7c89\u7b14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u7528UML\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u597d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u662f\u574f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u8ddfUML\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u5411\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\u5b66UML\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u68a6\u9b47\uff1a\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8eUML\u7684\u4e66\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e5f\u4e70\u4e86\u51e0\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u603b\u89c9\u5f97\u7d22\u7136\u65e0\u5473\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u6000\u7591\u6211\u5929\u751f\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u76f8\u6bd4\u4ee3\u7801\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u56fe\u5f62\u4f3c\u4e4e\u603b\u663e\u5f97\u4e0d\u591f\u5177\u4f53\u751f\u52a8\uff0c\u5f62\u8c61\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u6211\u603b\u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u8499\u7740\u9762\u7eb1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u50cf\u662f\u7edd\u8272\u7684\u7f8e\u5973\uff0c\u9664\u6389\u9762\u7eb1\u5374\u662f\u5343\u75ae\u767e\u5b54\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6027\u4e66\u7c4d\u751a\u81f3\u7ed9\u6211\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7528\u4f8b\u8ddf\u7528\u4f8b\u56fe\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u975e\u5e38\u6000\u7591\u90a3\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7a76\u7adf\u80fd\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u76f4\u5230\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\u624d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7528\u4f8b\u662f\u8981\u5199\u7684\u3002
\n\u8bf4\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u662fCraig Larman\u7684Applying UML and Patterns\u4f7f\u6211\u5bf9UML\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u4e86\u4eb2\u5207\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86UML\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u60f3\u3001\u4e5f\u6ca1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u80fd\u529b\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u591a\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002<\/p>\n
\u75f4\u4eba\uff1a\u56fd\u5185\u51fa\u7684\u51e0\u672cUML\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u6211\u4e5f\u4e70\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5b8c\u3002\u6211\u7684UML\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u5468\u4eceRational\u7684CD tutorial\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u7684\uff08\u53ef\u5728Rational Suite\u7684CD2\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u95eeRational\u8981\u5230\u7684Inside UML\u7684CD-ROM\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u90a3\u4e9b\u56fe\u6587\u5e76\u8302\u7684tutorial\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6548\u679c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4e8eOO\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ecechina-pub\u4e0a\u9762\u62cd\u5356\u5230\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u4e66\uff0c\u53ebObject Technology\uff1aA Manager’s Guide\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\u7b97\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u3002\u8584\u8584\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff08\u542bindex\u4e24\u767e\u591a\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u6280\u672f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u6280\u672f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u6280\u672f\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u7b49\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u624b\u518c\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u901f\u67e5\u624b\u518c\u90fd\u4e0d\u9519\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5f15\u8fdb\u8be5\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n
\u900f\u660e\uff1a\u6211\u975e\u5e38\u540c\u610f\u5b5f\u5ca9\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u7ef4\u7279\u6839\u65af\u5766\u5728\u300a\u903b\u8f91\u54f2\u5b66\u8bba\u300b\u91cc\u4e3e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u8c61\u4e2d\u63cf\u7ed8\u51fa\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u60c5\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u56fe\u8c61\u4e2d\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u7a7a\u95f4\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u6216\u8005\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff1aUML\u80fd\u753b\u7684\uff0cOO\u8bed\u8a00\u672a\u5fc5\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e5f\u672a\u5fc5\u5c31\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aUML\u548cC++\u3001Java\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u66f4\u5173\u5fc3\u201c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u8981\u7528C++\u6216\u8005Java\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u90a3\u8ddf\u7528UML\u753b\u56fe\u8fd8\u662f\u5927\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u4ee5\u524d\u770b\u8fc7\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u4e1a\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u300a \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b-Java\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0(\u82f1\u6587\u7248,\u7b2c4\u7248) \u300b\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002\u800c\u4e14Java\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6765\u505a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u662fsmalltalk\u90a3\u4e00\u6d3e\u7684\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ecesmalltalk\u53d1\u5c55\u6765\u7684\u201c\u4f20\u7edf\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u75f4\u4eba\uff1a\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0cOO\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5b83\u6070\u597d\u662f\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f62\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u7684OO\u4e2d\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u6765\u7684Refactorings\u3001Patterns\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff1a\u8fd9\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u5f39\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u624d\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u3002
\n\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9OOSC\uff08Object-Oriented Software Construction, 2nd Edition\uff0c\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1999\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u7248\uff09\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u8d5e\u7f8e\u6709\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728OO\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e2d\u7684Bible\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u592a\u539a\u4e86\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6211\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u628a\u5b83\u770b\u5b8c\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5b8c\u5b83\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5c31\u8bb2\u4e86Software Quality\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002
\n\u5bf9\u4e8eDesign Pattern\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868OO\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u53ea\u662fOO\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u5584\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684OO\u72b6\u6001\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7b49\u540c\u4e8eOO\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u628aOO\u5206\u4e3aOOA\/OOD\/OOP\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eAnalysis\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ee5\u524d\u6240\u505a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u4e0d\u597d\u4e71\u8bf4\u3002\u4f46OOD\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u67b6\u6784\u5e08\u201d\u7528Rose\u3001Together\u3001Visio\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u7684UML\u56fe\u5f62\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u56fe\u5f62\u4e2d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u8f85\u52a9\u56fe\u5f62\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6211\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81f3\u4e8eOOP\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u548cOOD\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u7d27\u5bc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u8bf4\u7684\uff08\u6bd5\u7adf\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u786c\u5e01\u7684\u4e24\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u68a6\u9b47\uff1a\u63d0\u5230OOSC\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6211\u4e3e\u53cc\u624b\u8d5e\u6210\u738b\u6615\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002
\n\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3aBertrand Meyer\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684Eiffel\u6d41\u6d3e\u5bf9\u5bf9\u8c61\u6280\u672f\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u3002\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6574\u4e2aOO\u6280\u672f\u754c\u4e00\u76f4\u5904\u4e8e\u652f\u6d41\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4ee4\u4eba\u9057\u61be\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679cEiffel\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684Design By Contract\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u88ab\u4eba\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6574\u4e2a90\u5e74\u4ee3\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u683c\u5c40\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ece\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cEiffel\u4e5f\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u51fa\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u65e0\u8bba\u5c06\u6765\u60f3\u4e0d\u60f3\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5f00\u53d1\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u5927\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002
\nOOSC\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u770b\uff0c\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4ee4\u4eba\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u521d\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u89c9\u5f97\u8be7\u5f02\uff0c\u7ec6\u7ec6\u60f3\u6765\u5374\u89c9\u5f97\u672c\u8be5\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u628acommand\u548cquery\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u539f\u5219(Unified Access Principle)\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6709\u62e8\u4e91\u89c1\u65e5\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002<\/p>\n
Eiffel\u7684\u7acb\u8db3\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u524d\u4e0d\u4e45\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u6b63\u662f\u4ee4\u6211\u4eec\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u7f16\u5199\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5417\uff1f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96be\u9053\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u624b\u6bb5\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u90fd\u4e00\u76f4\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u53ea\u80fd\u7ed9\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u9762\u5411\u7ec4\u4ef6\u201d\u6280\u672f\u5f53\u57ab\u811a\u77f3\u5462\uff1f\u8bfb\u4e86OOSC\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7591\u60d1\u8c41\u7136\u5f00\u6717\uff0c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u53c8\u56de\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u75f4\u4eba\uff1a\u521a\u624d\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eOOSC\uff0c\u6211\u6700prefer\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u201cSoftware quality\u201d\u3002
\n\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u8bb2\u201c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d28\u91cf\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u5c11\u6b63\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fc7\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f71\u54cd\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3001\u575a\u56fa\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3001\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3001\u6548\u7387\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u8bf4\u51fa\u4e86\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8d28\u91cf\u201d\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
\u900f\u660e\uff1a\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u4eec\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u88d8\u5b97\u71d5\u6559\u6388\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u53eb\u505a\u300a\u4ece\u89c4\u8303\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\uff1f\u738b\u6615\u6050\u6015\u5e94\u8be5\u597d\u597d\u8bfb\u4e00\u8bfb\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u3002\u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7684\u3002
\n\u75f4\u4eba\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u900f\u660e\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u770b\u5230Design by Contract\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u89c9\u4e0d\u51fa\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u770b\u662f\u5728OOSC\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u7684\u786e\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5371\u673a\u201d\u5927\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u6211\u521a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u300a\u6700\u540e\u671f\u9650\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6a21\u5757\u5f88\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u51fa\u9519\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff1b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u603b\u662f\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0a\u3002\u800cDesign by Contract\u5f88\u5927\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u88d8\u6559\u6388\u90a3\u672c\u300a\u4ece\u89c4\u8303\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\u3002\u770b\u5b8c\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48Design by Contract\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\uff1f\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u89c9\u5f97Design by Contract\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5929\u7ecf\u5730\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684OO\u8bed\u8a00\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5192\u9669\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002
\n\u6309\u7167\u88d8\u6559\u6388\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u8303\u9010\u6b65\u7cbe\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f60\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u786e\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u7cbe\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684OO\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f8b\u5982C++\u3001Java\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4fdd\u8bc1client\u4ee5\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u5199\u5728\u6587\u6863\u91cc\uff0c\u5929\u77e5\u9053client\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u6587\u6863\u6765\u505a\uff1f\u6076\u9b54\u524d\u51e0\u5929\u95ee\u6211\u201c\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u4ed6\u7684\u8ff7\u60d1\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u900f\u660e\uff1a\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u91cc\u9762\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u4ee3\u6570\uff0c\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u5403\u529b\u3002\u88d8\u6559\u6388\u8bd1\u4e66\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u6cbb\u5b66\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u90fd\u6781\u5176\u8ba4\u771f\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u68a6\u9b47\uff1a\u6211\u60f3\u4ece\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8c08\u8c08\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8eContract\u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002
\n\u9996\u5148\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u6280\u672f\uff1f\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u6a21\u5927\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u632f\u8361\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u95ee\u4e00\u53e5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u4e86\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u73b0\u4eca\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u673a\u5668\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u4ea7\u54c1\u662f\u7528\u81ea\u9876\u5411\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u601d\u60f3\u6784\u9020\u7684\u3002\u8c61\u4e09\u5ce1\u5927\u575d\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u9ad8\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u5927\u5417\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7528\u4e8e\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u884c\u4e86\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
\u75f4\u4eba\uff1a\u4f60\u662f\u60f3\u8bf4\u201c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u7f6e\u539f\u5219\u201d\u5427\uff1f\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u6a21\u5757\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0a\u5c42\u6a21\u5757\u3002Robert Martin\u5728Designing Object-Oriented C++ Applications\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u6309\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u884c\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2agod object\uff0c\u638c\u63a7\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u4ece\u4f60\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u751f\u6b7b\u5927\u6743\uff0c\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2agod object\u65e0\u4e0d\u4e86\u5982\u6307\u638c\uff0c\u5b83\u7edf\u63fd\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u5e72\u6d89\u5404\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u6c89\u91cd\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n
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\n\u900f\u660e\uff1a\u54c8\u8036\u514b\u5728\u300a\u901a\u5f80\u5974\u5f79\u4e4b\u8def\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u53ef\u662f\u6279\u5224\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u96c6\u6743\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u4e2a\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u96c6\u6743\u5bfc\u81f4\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u800c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6df7\u6c8c\u6548\u5e94\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n
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